Preeclampsia is a condition that develops during pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and protein in the urine. It is a very common complication that affects about 2% of pregnancies with serious risks for the mother and the unborn child, particularly in cases of early onset, before the 32th week.
If provided in time, however, it can be monitored and treated.

The mechanism by which preeclampsia develops is based on an inadequate placental development. The placenta connects the mother and baby and is the organ through which nutrients and oxygen transfer from maternal blood to the baby. When this mechanism is altered, there is a negative impact on the mother and fetus.

Preeclampsia implements changes in the blood vessels that bring blood pressure and proteinuria (the protein passes from the blood to the urine). Many of the affected women do not perceive any disturbance even if the disease progresses very quickly. In most cases, the mother is hospitalized and the baby born prematurely with induction of labor or cesarean section.

The consequences depend on how premature the baby is born. Some fetuses are not affected by the disease. It's more likely to have negative effects in case of early prematurity typically associated with early-onset preeclampsia.

Some pregnancies are more at risk than others. The risk increases in case of:

• first pregnancy
• history of preeclampsia
• BMI >35
• > 40 years old
• twin or multiple pregnancy
• IVF
• history of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension

Having risk factors does not necessarily develop the disease as well as, while having no factor, it is however possible to develop preeclampsia.

LOW RISK
If the risk appears to be low, it is unlikely that you will develop preeclampsia in advanced stages of pregnancy. Nevertheless, a low risk does not completely eliminate the possibility of developing preeclampsia, then you will continue to receive regular prenatal care.

HIGH RISK
If the risk appears to be high, it does not necessarily mean that you will develop preeclampsia. However, knowing that the risk is higher than the one expected helps the doctor to determine the best possible type of assistance that you will get when pregnant. Your doctor may advise you to start taking small doses of aspirin to improve the functionality of the placenta. Aspirin-based therapy must be always agreed with your doctor. The result of the screening test helps the healthcare staff and puts you on the alert for any signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.

The screening is performed between the 11 and 14th week. It provides a simple blood test, the measurement of blood pressure and may also include an ultrasound. The combination of these factors makes it possible to diagnose 90% of patients who develop preeclampsia. Then it's possible to apply a proper management of the cases at risk